〜つつある

〜つつある is a verb form expressing in the process of ~ing. Understanding this conjugation pattern is essential for expanding what you can express in Japanese. Verb forms are the backbone of Japanese grammar — each form unlocks new ways to describe actions, states, and intentions.

This is an advanced pattern found primarily in formal writing, news articles, business Japanese, and academic texts.

When to Use#

• When a change is currently underway and progressing
• When describing a gradual process that is actively happening

When NOT to Use#

• In very casual speech — a simpler expression is usually more natural

Example Sentences#

• 業務効率が向上しつつあります。 — Work efficiency is gradually improving.
• 環境技術が発展しつつあります。 — Environmental technology is gradually advancing.
• 電気自動車が普及しつつあります。 — Electric vehicles are becoming more common.

Practice#

Try reading these sentences aloud, then check the translation and vocabulary:

Common Mistakes#

1. Using 〜つつある in casual conversation — This pattern sounds overly formal or literary in casual speech. Reserve it for formal writing, presentations, or situations that call for elevated language.
2. Wrong verb group conjugation — Group 1 and Group 2 verbs conjugate differently. Common pitfall: treating Group 1 verbs ending in る (like 帰る) as Group 2 verbs.