〜に基づいて

〜に基づいて is a particle that functions as a based on ~ in Japanese sentences. Particles are the building blocks of Japanese grammar — small words that define the grammatical relationship between other words. Mastering 〜に基づいて is essential for constructing correct and natural-sounding sentences.

This is an advanced pattern found primarily in formal writing, news articles, business Japanese, and academic texts.

When to Use#

• When an action or decision is grounded in facts, data, or rules
• When citing the basis for a judgment or policy

When NOT to Use#

• In very casual speech — a simpler expression is usually more natural

Example Sentences#

• 規則に基づいて、申請が処理されます。 — Based on the regulations, applications are processed.
• 法律に基づいて、申請を処理いたします。 — Based on the law, we will process your application.
• 税制は経済状況に基づいて決定されます。 — Tax policy is determined based on economic conditions.

Practice#

Try reading these sentences aloud, then check the translation and vocabulary:

Common Mistakes#

1. Using 〜に基づいて interchangeably with 〜に関して — These patterns are similar but not identical. 〜に関して (regarding / concerning) may be preferred in different contexts or registers.
2. Using 〜に基づいて in casual conversation — This pattern sounds overly formal or literary in casual speech. Reserve it for formal writing, presentations, or situations that call for elevated language.
3. Omitting 〜に基づいて in contexts where it's required — While particles can sometimes be dropped in very casual speech, omitting 〜に基づいて in the wrong context changes the meaning or sounds ungrammatical.

Related Patterns#

• 〜に関して (regarding / concerning) — Similar